<quote from Real Faith & Reason, vol 2>
“Proofs exist only in mathematics and logic, not in science. Mathematics and logic are both closed, self-contained systems of propositions, whereas science is empirical and deals with nature as it exists. The primary criterion and standard of evaluation of scientific theory is evidence, not proof.” ~ Psychology Today (https://goo.gl/sRkGyS)
So these thinkers say it’s all about evidence and not about proof at all.
If we search for the definition of “scientific proof,” we’ll usually get definitions of “scientific evidence” like the following:
“Scientific evidence is evidence which serves to either support or counter a scientific theory or hypothesis. Such evidence is expected to be empirical evidence and interpretation in accordance with the scientific method. Standards for scientific evidence vary according to the field of inquiry, but the strength of scientific evidence is generally based on the results of statistical analysis and the strength of scientific controls.” ~ Wikipedia (https://goo.gl/VVXeMd)
Other people say scientific theories can be proved and remain theories. But if we prove a theory, is it still theoretical? Theories aren’t proved facts.
When someone claims that scientific theories are proved, their definition of “proved” must be different from the way we’ve been defining “proof” on this journey. “Proof,” in the way we’re defining the word, results in absolute certainty. Just consider what’s written about germ theory (the theory that germs cause certain diseases) and notice the conflict:
“But it was the laboratory research of Louis Pasteur in the 1860s and then Robert Koch in the following decades that provided the scientific proof for germ theory.” ~ Science Museum Org (https://goo.gl/6k9UCu)
We can readily see the conflict between this quote about proving a theory and the previous quote that said proofs don’t exist in science. However, quotes about proving theories are all over the Internet. Here are a few more examples:
“The Italian Agostino Bassi was the first person to prove that a disease was caused by a microorganism” ~ Wikipedia (https://goo.gl/4YTp4p)
“Germ theory states that specific microscopic organisms are the cause of specific diseases. The theory was developed, proved, and popularized in Europe and North America between about 1850 and 1920.” ~ Harvard (https://goo.gl/ewipKu)
“Although the germ theory has long been considered proved” ~ Britannica (https://goo.gl/gLbvBU)
The way these writers use the word “proof” confuses the issue.
<end quote>
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