A problem arises with science if we start to think science leads to knowledge or truth. Science is pragmatic and only points to what seems to work. It’s never definitive. In addition, the word “science” has become a way for evil people to manipulate the gullible, which often may include the majority of the population. They say the word, but there is no real science. Not realizing the nature of science and censoring free thought in science is a way to destroy scientific value. It started with the age of the earth. Silly ideas about the age of the earth were well-promoted and began to be falsely called “science.” The age-of-the-earth pseudo-science served an important function for the ungodly thinkers. It cast doubt on Scripture, which was an important objective. It wasn’t a scientific goal. It was a goal of the religion of ungodliness. Then, evolutionism came along. It’s a religious idea that’s scientifically impossible, but ungodly people called it “science.” And much of Christianity said, “We must follow the science.” Much of Christianity blindly believed the liars who promoted billions of years of molecules-to-humanity evolution–a complete cult of evolutionism. They called it “science,” but it wasn’t and isn’t science. Next, came global cooling, then global warming, then man-made climate change. It was all pseudo-science. Now, they ignore science and censor anyone who actually follows science regarding pandemics in general and Covid 19 in particular.
<quote from Real Faith & Reason, vol 2>
Scientists often speak and write using the vague terms “inference” or “infer.” Inferring is concluding, but something’s not right about that. The word “inference” says that someone is reasoning to an inference, whatever “inference” means. Someone is reasoning, but is this person reasoning inductively and abductively? Neither inductive nor abductive reasoning can prove anything. Scientists infer using induction and abduction. Inferring is different from proving since the word “infer” means something closer to the word “conclude.” It’s a broader term than “deduce,” which implies sound deductive reasoning.
Is there a difference between concluding and inferring? Concluding must be conclusive, right? The word implies an end. It implies finality. The word “infer” doesn’t seem to have that finality. We can infer what’s untrue. It’s still irrational to do so, but when scientists say that they infer, they aren’t saying the same thing as when we say that we conclude. Notice how Dictionary.com defines “infer.”
to derive by reasoning; conclude or judge from premises or evidence: They inferred his displeasure from his cool tone of voice.
(of facts, circumstances, statements, etc.) to indicate or involve as a conclusion; lead to.
to guess; speculate; surmise.
to hint; imply; suggest.
Those four definitions provide a wide range for interpretation with the first two definitions being vague and the third and fourth being guessing and hinting. The first definition is the strongest, yet Dictionary.com didn’t specify the kind of reasoning. It could be irrational reasoning. The reasoning could be guessing, speculating, hinting, implying, or suggesting. Other dictionaries use the word “deduce,” but they don’t indicate whether that deductive reasoning is sound. Persuaders and speakers often use the words “conclude” and “infer” interchangeably. “Conclude” can mean simply to decide. It can mean using sound reasoning that starts with true premises and ends with a proved conclusion. Scientists, teachers, and politicians use this fuzzy language, which allows them to go off the track of truth without realizing it.
<end quote>
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